Abstract Firewood has been the most widely used wood energy source at the residential level in central and southern regions of Chile, and its high consumption in urban areas has seriously affected atmospheric quality. The objective was to analyze how economic, sociodemographic, and housing characteristics factors affect the firewood consumption of households living in six regions of central -southern Chile. First, the effect on the probability of consuming firewood was studied using logit estimates, and then on the amount consumed with Tobit models, both for the study area and by region. At a global level, it was observed that increases in household income increased the probability of consuming firewood and the quantities consumed, nevertheless, the impact among regions is different. In addition, firewood consumption decreases when faced with an increase in its price and increases when faced with an increase in the price of gas as a substitute good; sociodemographic aspects and housing characteristics, such as number of people in the household, age of the head of household and more square meters built, were positively related to firewood consumption. The results contribute to the formulation of regional public policies to address the problem.

Resumen La leña ha sido el dendroenergético más utilizado a escala residencial en regiones del centro y sur de Chile y su alto consumo en zonas urbanas ha afectado gravemente la calidad atmosférica. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar cómo factores económicos, sociodemográficos y características de la vivienda inciden en el consumo de leña de hogares en seis regiones del centro sur de Chile. Primero, se estudió el efecto en la probabilidad de consumir leña, mediante estimaciones logit y, luego, sobre la cantidad consumida con modelos Tobit, tanto para el área de estudio como por región. Se observó, a escala global, que aumentos en los ingresos del hogar incrementaron la probabilidad de consumir leña y las cantidades consumidas, siendo más fuerte el efecto en las cantidades. No obstante, el impacto entre regiones es muy distinto. Además, el consumo de leña disminuye frente a un aumento de su precio y aumenta ante el incremento del precio del gas siendo un bien sustituto. Aspectos sociodemográficos y características de la vivienda, como número de personas en el hogar, edad del jefe de hogar y superficie construida, se relacionaron positivamente con el consumo de leña. Los resultados contribuyen a formular políticas públicas regionales, de manera de enfrentar el problema planteado.

Abstract De amore, written by the philosopher Andreas Capellanus in 12th century, is at the same time a practical manual as a scientific treatise on love. It was elaborated in a historical context where conceptions of love come from different places: the Provençal troubadour lyric, the Arab culture, the Christian clerical tradition and the chivalric code. The present paper aims to explain how Andreas use the text of Ovidio, which is presented as the main source both for its external structure and its internal content.

Resumen La obra De amore1, escrita por el filósofo Andrés el Capellán en el siglo XII, es a la vez un manual práctico como un tratado científico sobre el amor. Fue elaborada en un momento histórico donde confluyen concepciones del amor provenientes de diversos ámbitos: la lírica trovadoresca provenzal, la cultura árabe, la tradición clerical cristiana y el código caballeresco. El presente trabajo pretende explicar cómo utilizó el Capellán la obra de Ovidio, la cual es presentada como fuente principal tanto por su estructura externa como por su contenido interno.

Pesquisa qualitativa que procura descrever e interpretar as teorias subjetivas de um grupo de professores de uma escola técnica pública sobre a motivação escolar (seu papel como agente motivacional e motivação relacionada às alunas) e suas expectativas a respeito do sucesso e fracasso escolar. Os dados coletados, mediante observação direta de reuniões dos professores e de uma entrevista grupal em profundidade, foram analisados utilizando-se o programa Atlas-Ti, seguindo as orientações da Grounded Theory. Os resultados mostram que a supervalorização, por parte dos professores, quanto à sua responsabilidade como agente motivacional ignora outras variáveis no processo ensino-aprendizagem, dependentes tanto das alunas como do contexto educativo, e que suas expectativas de sucesso ou fracasso se relacionam diretamente com os objetivos do estabelecimento.

Qualitative research that looks to describe and to interpret the subjective theories of a group of teachers from a public technical high school about school motivation (its role as a motivational agent and the motivation inherent in the pupils), and their expectances about the school success and school failure. The information gathered by means of direct observation of meetings of teachers and of interviews in depth was analyzed by means of the program Atlas-Ti, following orientations from the Grounded Theory. The results show that the over attribution that the teachers do about their responsibility as motivational agents, ignores other variables of the teaching-learning process. It depends so much on the pupils as on the educational context, and that their success-failure expectancies are related directly to the targets of the establishment.

Investigación cualitativa que busca describir e interpretar las teorías subjetivas de un grupo de profesores de un liceo técnico público acerca de la motivación escolar (rol como agente motivacional y motivación inherente a las alumnas) y sus expectativas acerca del éxito y fracaso escolar. Los datos recolectados mediante observación directa de reuniones de profesores y de una entrevista grupal en profundidad, fueron analizados mediante el programa Atlas-Ti, siguiendo orientaciones de la Grounded Theory. Los resultados muestran que la sobreatribución que hacen los profesores acerca de su responsabilidad como agente motivacional ignora otras variables del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, dependientes tanto de las alumnas como del contexto educativo, y que sus expectativas de éxito o fracaso se relacionan directamente con los objetivos del establecimiento.

The high molecular weight phosphazene random copolymer {[NP(OC6H5)2]0.94 [NP(OC6H5)(OC6H4CNFe(dppe)Cp)]0.06[PF6]0.06}n (1), that carries [Fe(dppe)Cp] cationic fragments coordinated to nitrile side groups, has been synthesized from the copolymer {[NP(OC6H5)2]0.94[NP(OC6H5)(OC6H4CN)]0.06}n and the complex [Fe(CH3CN)(dppe)Cp][PF6] by the complete elimination of the acetonitrile from the equilibrium mixture that they form in dichloromethane solution. The new polymer has been fully characterized by a detailed discussion of the IR and NMR data that may be also useful for the study of other polymeric complexes with similar metal fragments. The cyclic voltammogram of (1) showed an oxidation process that is chemically irreversible but, rather unexpectedly, electrochemically reversible. All the results were interpreted by comparison with the data obtained for the new cyclic model complexes {N3P3(OC6H4-R)5[OC6H4CNFe(dppe)Cp]}[PF6] R=H (2a), Bu t (2b), (see chart 1) that were synthesized by a similar method using the nitrile phosphazene ligands [N3P3(OC6H4-R)5(OC6H4CN)]